| SYLLABUS
ANTHROPOLOGY 337 - SPRING 2003 Human Biological Variation |
| Instructor: | Michael A. Little |
| Class Time & Place: | Tuesday & Thursday 8:30 - 9:55 AM LH 003 |
| Office Location: | Science 1 - 102 |
| Office Hours: | Tues & Thurs 10:00-11:00 AM and by appointment |
| Telephone: | 7-2732 |
| Email: | mlittle@binghamton.edu |
| Course Content and Objectives |
| Two important characteristics of members of our species are extraordinary variation and adaptability. Anthropology 337 is a course designed to explore processes and origins of human biological variation and adaptation. Sources of variations are developmental, phenotypic, hereditary, gender, individual, population, evolutionary, ecological and random. What sets us apart from other mammalian species and contributes to further variation is our complex form of behavior known as culture. The focus of the course is on how humans respond and adapt to the environment. These responses are viewed within a biocultural perspective: that is, with the knowledge that human biology must always be studied within the behavioral and cultural contexts. |
| Required Reading | |
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(HB) Stinson, S., B. Bogin, R. Huss-Ashmore, and D. O'Rourke. 2000. Human Biology: An Evolutionary and Biocultural Perspective. Wiley-Liss, New York. Human Biology is a text that was produced for the Human Biology Association and to which a number of key members of the profession of biological anthropology contributed. The most difficult chapters to comprehend are likely to be the three genetics chapters (3, 4, and 5), the epidemiology chapter (7), and the demography chapter (14). You should probably read each of these chapters twice. The materials covered in the book are timely and state of the art. Other timely readings may be assigned throughout the semester. |
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| Course Format | |
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The format will be lecture but with discussion encouraged. Midterm exam
(30%); term poster (25%) due at end of week 13; comprehensive final exam
(40%); class participation (5%). |
| Course Outline | |||
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Weeks |
Sessions | Topic | Assignment |
| 1-2 | 3 | Biocultural Adaptation, Human Variation, Evolution, History of Human Biology | HB 1,2 |
| 2-3 | 1 | Ecology, Environment, Human ecology | |
| 3-4 | 3 | Genetics | HB 3-5 |
| 5-6 | 3 | The Human Life Cycle | HB 11-13 |
| 6-7 | 3 | Population/Demography | HB 14, 15 |
| 7 | 1 | <<MIDTERM EXAMINATION>> | |
| 8-9 | 3 | Ecology, Climate, and Adaptation | HB 6 |
| 9-10 | 3 | Diet and Nutrition | HB 9 |
| 11 | 2 | Work, Physical Activity, and Energy Expenditure | HB 10 |
| 12-13 | 3 | Health, Epidemiology, and Disease | HB 7, 8 |
| 13 | 1 | Modernization, Biodiversity, and a Global Environment | |
| 14 | 2 | <<POSTER PRESENTATIONS>> | |
| TBA | <<REVIEW>> | ||
| TBA | <<COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAMINATION>> |
| The Poster Presentation |
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| Posters will be due about a week before the end of the semester.
Since the major emphasis of the course is on human biobehavioral variation, posters must address this perspective or they are considered inappropriate for presentation. Therefore, all poster topics must be approved by the instructor before major research and planning begins, and this approval is contingent on a rough outline of the plan for the poster. Some of the journals that are appropriate for literature searches and reviews of appropriate topics are listed here: |
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| American Journal of Human Biology | Human Biology | |||
| American Journal of Physical Anthropology | Journal of Biosocial Science | |||
| Yearbook of Physical Anthropology | Annals of Human Biology | |||
| Social Biology | Annual Review of Anthropology | |||
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See your instructor for advice on other scientific literature. The poster should be a review of a specific topic for a single population from the lists below. This involves a synthesis of existing information about a topic. You should cover a reasonable amount of literature and present a coherent picture of our present state of knowledge. Organization and a careful literature search are important considerations for this kind of paper. Preparing the Poster Posters are being used more frequently than presented papers at scientific meetings. They are an effective way to present information that is both attractive and interesting, and where the viewer can read the materials at her/his own pace. The scientific materials for the poster should be collected in the same way as materials for a term paper. The difference is that a poster should include more diagrams, tables, photos, and other illustrative materials and less text than a term paper. After you have gathered your literature and materials on the topic. Prepare an outline of what you wish to present. Then design your presentation with text and figures, and make an initial sketch of your poster, allocating space for an introduction, other topical headings, and a conclusion. Try different arrangements and styles to achieve clarity and simplicity. Use color to enhance and emphasize. The title should be legible 8 feet away, whereas the rest of the poster should be legible at a distance of 5 feet. Enlargements of Xerox copies (including color Xerox copies) of illustrative materials are appropriate for the poster. All illustrations, text, etc. can be mounted to the poster with rubber cement, dry mounting tissue, or two sided adhesive tape. Initial design, measurement, and careful planning is absolutely necessary to produce a neat and well-presented poster. Evaluation of Posters Each student will evaluate each of the other posters. This information will be held confidential by the instructor. The instructor will also evaluate each poster, and will take into account (but not be bound by) the student evaluations. Topics |
| | Historical approach to biocultural process (e.g., secular trends) | ||
| | Population, evolution, and genetics | ||
| | Health and illness -- biocultural approaches | ||
| | Infectious disease and (a) selection, (b) biocultural interaction, or (c) environmental interaction (e.g., TB, AIDS, STDs, plague, malaria, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, cholera, typhoid fever) | ||
| | Degenerative disease and (a) selection, (b) biocultural interaction, or (c) environmental interaction (e.g., arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, kuru, Parkinsonian dementia, osteoporosis) | ||
| | Nutrition and (a) selection, (b) biocultural interaction, or (c) environmental interaction (e.g., goiter, lactase deficiency, breastfeeding, kwashiorkor, marasmus, various requirements, child growth, disease interactions) | ||
| | Climate and (a) selection, (b) biocultural interaction, or (c) environmental interaction (e.g., heat stress [dry or wet], cold stress, circadian rhythms, photoperiodicity, solar radiation, altitude stress) | ||
| | Population demography and (a) selection, (b) biocultural interaction, or (c) environmental interaction (e.g., change through time, fertility, migration as response to stress, patterns of mortality) | ||
| | Physical activity and (a) selection, (b) biocultural interaction, or (c) environmental interaction (e.g., fitness and subsistence, diet, lack of in modern society, growth and maturation) | ||
| | Reproduction (including maternal and infant health, nutrition, infection, etc.) within the social, ethnic, and/or environmental contexts. | ||
| | Environmental stresses at specific ages or physiological states (e.g., fetus, infant, child adolescent, elderly, pregnant, lactating, ill) | ||
| Populations | |||
| | Arctic Eskimo Hunters (Iñuit, Iñupiat) -- U.S., Canada, Greenland | ||
| | Lapp (Saami) Reindeer Herders -- Northern Scandinavia | ||
| | Yanomamö Tropical Forest Horticulturists -- Venezuela, Brazil | ||
| | Andean Quechua Herders and Cultivators -- Peru, Bolivia | ||
| | Savanna Turkana Nomadic Pastoralists -- Kenya | ||
| | Savanna Maasai Pastoralists -- Kenya/Tanzania | ||
| | Pygmy Tropical Forest Hunter-Gatherers -- Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Zaïre, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Zambia | ||
| | Kalahari Bushmen (San) Hunter-Gatherers -- Namibia, Botswana, South Africa | ||
| | Pacific Samoans -- Western and American Samoa | ||
| | New Guinea Populations -- Papua New Guinea | ||
| | Any migrant population of specific ethnicity | ||
The population study can be in the context of a "traditional" society of in a society undergoing modernization/Westernization (either in situ or through migration). |
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