Chipped Stone

Chipped Stone

The chipped stone artifacts from Fistikli Höyük were fashioned from a variety of raw materials and include a range of debitage and tools. The most commonly occurring material, which we refer to as Tan-Yellow Banded, is a locally available medium-textured chert.  Examples of this material sometimes take on markedly reddish hues, which we have provisionally assumed to indicate heat treatment.  Together, the Tan-Yellow Banded chert and its heat-treated variant comprise nearly 70% of the recorded chipped stone assemblage by count.  Light Grey chert has a fine texture and varies in color from light grey to brown. Fine Dark Grey chert is an especially finely textured material.  It tends to be very dark grey to brown in color. Obsidian, primarily greenish-gray in color, comprises only a very small proportion of the chipped stone assemblage.

The debitage includes cores, core rejuvenation flakes, unretouched flakes and blades, chunks, and shatter. Cores and core rejuvenation flakes comprise a relatively small portion of the total debitage. For locally available cherts, the presence of large quantities and a wide range of types of debitage may indicate that the full sequence of core reduction took place at Fistikli Höyük. However, this does not appear to have been the case for obsidian, where many types of debitage are rare or entirely absent. Rather, most obsidian reduction took place outside the community, and obsidian was brought to Fistikli Höyük mostly in the form of blades.

As one would expect in the case of on-site production of chipped stone tools, debitage is far more common than tools. In excavation units from the 2000 season, debitage typically contributes 94% or more of the total number of chipped stone artifacts recovered. 

Most stone tools from the site consist of flakes or blades with partially retouched edges but otherwise little apparent modification of their shape.  Whereas the obsidian industry appears to be almost exclusively blade-based, flakes were the preferred blanks for chert tools.  In addition to minimally modified flakes and blades, there are small numbers of “formal” tools, including notched or denticulated pieces, drills or perforators, scrapers, burins, transverse arrowheads, and sickle blades.  A substantial proportion of the drills and perforating tools were fashioned out of obsidian.

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