Faunal / Floral Remains

Faunal and Macrobotanical Remains

The state of preservation of a majority of the faunal remains in this assemblage is fairly poor. Taphonomic factors play a significant role in the recovery of small bones and the identification of medium and large mammal remains. In addition to a high fragmentation rate of bones that belong primarily to medium-sized mammals, there appears to be a partial decomposition of many bones. The cause of this is unclear, although it may be related to alkalinity of the soil.

In a very small sample so far examined, the following taxa were identified: cattle (Bos), pig (Sus), sheep (Ovis), goat (Capra), possibly gazelle (Gazella), possibly red deer (Cervus elaphus)), turtle and small rodent. Preliminary estimates of age, based on epiphyseal union data, were made. According to this evidence, both immature and adult cattle are represented. Caprid remains were from juvenile through adult animals.

In contrast to the bones, preservation of plant remains at the site is fairly good. Both wood and non-wood remains were recovered. The plant remains are informative about the use of plants at this site and its ancient environmental setting. Seeds identified include cereals, legumes, fruits, and a few wild species. In general, the species diversity is low. Wood remains are primarily non-coniferous, and occur in all samples. Among the cereals, hulled varieties are prevalent. These include principally wheats, both einkorn (Triticum monococcum) and emmer (Triticum dicoccum), with barley (Hordeum sativum) much less common. Whole cereal seeds are infrequently recovered, and numerous fragments of unidentifiable cereals are present. Spikelet forks and glume bases were recovered from several samples.

Worked Bone

A small number of bone awls attests to the working of hides and/ or textiles. Metapodia were the preferred bones for these tools. There are also two bone spatulae and a few other bone tools of unknown function.

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